Check his ears and his teeth.
If both of those are okay, then it's time to think about the bedtime choices....
I don't have any non-cry-it-out solutions. It worked for my baby. It wasn't cruel and it wasn't as difficult as I expected it to be. She learned that even if she cries, and even if I went in/picked her up/talked to her/etc., she was still going back to the crib eventually to sleep by herself.
I only picked her up and took her out of her room if she wasn't calming herself down after 5-10 minutes. I would hold her until she calmed down, then she normally wanted to play. At that point she went back to bed.
She figured it out pretty quick.
Also, do you have a bedtime routine? (Not schedule, necessarily, but a routine.) I think those are immensely helpful. Bath, brush teeth/hair, get dressed, rock/read/sing/cuddle, bed.
Edit: You said in your SWH that you have a routine and "It has just been this past week." You mean you started the routine this past week? Check out my other answers - I've answered several sleep questions lately. I think there was one from today that went into more detail about how I gradually taught my daughter to fall asleep on her own with minimal crying (most of the time...).