From what you have described, it sounds like there’s a pretty big power struggle around your daughter’s using the toilet. Before I offer any suggestions, let me suggest something that might be a relief to you: YOU are not responsible for your daughter’s progress in using the toilet. She is.
I personally understand how easily we can get caught in a power struggle around this issue. And I also found that, once I thought about what was happening and changed my responses to the children’s actions (this, over a career of 18+ years with very young children), we all did better and the toilet learning progressed as it should.
First off, accidents are often misinterpreted by us. We adults often put them in the same category as other things to be avoided at all costs. What we forget is that, for our children, accidents are the best learning tool going. Accidents, without a lot of adult fuss surrounding them, are a natural motivation for children to listen to—and heed—their body’s signals which cue them to use the bathroom. Accidents are the perfect “mistakes” because they teach our children without punishments (which can focus our child’s frustration on the adult and not on their own actions—or inaction, which is more to the point in this situation.). Wet clothes are an inconvenient and truly natural consequence of not heeding one’s body’s signals.
Unfortunately, what often happens is that, once our child begins “the potty dance”, we adults can’t seem to quell our sense of anxiety that an accident is imminent. Thus, the adult’s constant reminders and admonishments to the child to go use the bathroom ‘right now’ are more an indication of the parent’s frustrations and fear than the child’s own natural process, which might allow some accidents. It’s the perfect situation for a power struggle; it’s amazing. Our kids pull away, and we tighten our grip. The fact that you are forcibly holding your daughter on the potty suggests that this has become a traumatic event for both of you: you are feeling so compelled to prevent a possible accident that it goes a bit beyond reason for both of you. This also sends a signal to her that you do not, in fact, have confidence in her abilities to learn because you are forcibly taking over her own process. And the more you continue this pattern, the more she may feel that failure is expected of her; the more deeply she’s going to dig her heels in and be uncooperative; this can develop into more serious issues, so now’s the time to change how this interaction is happening.
The first thing I would suggest is trying to discover what it is about the possibility of her wetting that upsets you so. See if you can figure it out, and then think about how you can neutralize that anxiety when it comes up for you.
The next thing I would suggest is talking with your daughter about this when there is no conflict happening. “How do you feel when I make you go potty?” is one open-ended question that will invite her to be honest. You can be honest with her too. “I get really upset when I think you might have an accident because __________”—insert your reason here. Maybe you dislike cleaning up pee clothes, or don’t like to smell them, or whatever your reason is. Then I would suggest letting her know that you are going to let her learn this on her own. “I see that sometimes you really don’t want my help, so I’m going to let you get to the potty on your own. And you can always ask for my help when you want it.”
Then, it’s time to do just that. Better than rewards, keeping dry is an excellent motivation to continuing toilet learning. Remembering that this process isn’t just about using the toilet, but getting to the potty on one’s own in time, you can hand the development of this life-skill back to your daughter. It may take her a while to self-correct after this previous dynamic, and she will likely have some accidents, but it will be a relief to both of you not to get engaged in such a terrible battle with each other.
What you can do to support her is to let her learn how to change herself; I often had the children who wet their pants go into the bathroom to change clothes and clean themselves up if need be. I’d bring them a plastic bag to put their wet clothes in and just be available if they asked for help. If the child was capable of changing their clothes and was wetting for the attention of the accident and cleanup, I’d leave them in the bathroom for “just a few minutes” while I finished a short task, and only then would go back to help. For some children, knowing that I respected their process—and wouldn’t be assuming the responsibility for their staying dry—corrected this pattern.
Even now, kids who are plenty old enough like to wiggle and wait until the last minute because they are so afraid they’ll miss out on something. The wiggling becomes annoying, true, but I turn a blind eye, even when I see them peeking at me for a reaction. Because I know that if I open my mouth, they’re more likely to have an accident. When I refuse to make their self-care my own personal challenge, it put this squarely back in their laps and gives them the confidence that I trust them to handle this on their own, and that no matter what happens, we’ll be okay with each other. Even when they make a mistake.