You're right that every baby is different so I can only tell you what happened with my boys. Their teething patterns were virtually identical, except that it didn't seem to bother my oldest and my youngest seems to be in agony from it.
Once they started teething at about 6 months, they didn't quit. After the first two, their teeth were a little slow to come in once they started so the next tooth would already be queing up to start pushing in once they cut the current one. It seems like my boys each went through a solid year of teething without a break, then they had a little break, then the molars started coming in. It's tough on them, poor little guys. Here's the best advice I can give. Combine Tylenol for extended pain relief, with Orajel for instant topical relief and also give the Hyland's teething tablets to reduce swelling (and I personally believe that they actually soften the gums too since my little one's teeth actually break through a few days maximum after we start them). The relief this combination gives them is so powerful they seem to fall asleep a lot more, especially since teething usually keeps them up at night and they have a lot of sleep to catch up on.
Yes it's very normal for them to be in pain until the tooth cuts through the gum but once it's through they should have less pain with it. It still might be a little tender until it's finished "moving up". However, if your little one's tooth has cut through and he still seems to be in the same amount of pain, I would bet that the next tooth has already started to push up. Feel for hardnesses and swelling on his gums above the first teeth and dose with Orajel at those sites.
Best of luck, teething can be miserable.