I am a mother of three, my youngest being 3 1/2 months old. My older girls never did anything like that when they were young. My infant son, however started doing the same thing whenever I went to work in the evenings. Sometimes it was that he was hungry. Most of the time he would be crying off and on until I picked him up when I arrived at home again. It is really difficult to listed to as a mom, your child screaming on the other end of the phone. I know it was difficult for my husband also. Somehow, though, he has realized that I come back and love on him and hug him. Now he only fusses when he is hungry. Some of that changed when I showed my husband what Baby enjoyed as far as interaction and play time. They became more relaxed together and Baby realized that Daddy is fun too. We started this by doing the play activities with Mommy and Daddy(or whoever you might like to practice this with first). Then we moved to Daddy holding Baby while Mommy played with Baby. Then Daddy actually playing them with Baby.
Mommies DO NEED breaks! I applaud you for realizing this! Don't give up. Baby will grow out of this stage. Hopefully though, it will not take too long.
Another thought, does he scream with those he spends smaller amounts of time with? If so it may be a familiarity issue that may be resolved with together time, with Mommy and the other person.
You can also find a toy that offers comfort, though he might be a little young at this point. I know my 21 month old is fine as long as she has her "toy of the week" around. It could be a blanket or shirt that just smells like mommy. Good luck!