Hi M.,
Toilet learning is a big step in a child's development. While we adults think it's easy, for children, learning to follow the body's signals and make it to the toilet in a timely manner can be real work. Not too long ago, parents would decide their children were "at the right age" and relied on bribes like m&m's and sticker charts to get their children to use the toilet. We call that potty training, and it's much like training a puppy to do what we ask by giving them treats. While effective in the short term, for children who aren't developmentally ready, we see lots of regression and frustration for both the parent and the child. This may lead to higher stakes in the shape of bigger treats or punishment for wet/messy pants. While our parents were very familiar with potty training, it isn't the most effective way of helping our children.
Thankfully, times have changed and early childhood educators have developed a better way to help our children learn to use the toilet. This is "toilet learning", and is light year leap in thinking on the "how's and why's" of helping our children become comfortable using the toilet.
While doing research for the toilet learning chapter of a book I'm working on, I came across this link. I found it to be very informative, easy to read, sound advice. It is geared for students and caregivers, but parents can use this information as well. The guide to assessing readiness is wonderful.
Here's the link:
http://betterkidcare.psu/AngelUnits/OneHour/ToiletLearnin....
For what it's worth, this isn't something you need to sweat. It is very rare for children to show readiness at a year and a half, and many children aren't completely proficient until they are a bit beyond three. THIS IS PERFECTLY NORMAL! I say this having worked with young children for the last 17 years, so I've helped a lot of kids with this. :) If you are able to be low-key about it, it will go faster, you will be able to avoid power struggles and you will both feel better about it than if you become very invested in this process. Remember, it's their process, we just support it.