J.,
Personally, I am very much against CIO, but you should follow your own instincts. If you think going in to comfort your child every 10 minutes will work, then that's what you should do. Childrens' sleeping patterns are not the same as adults, I think it is very unnatural to put a baby to sleep by himself in a dark room and expect him to be OK with it and sleep until morning. It can be done, but at what expense? Extended crying releases hormones that can effect the child psychologically.
I've read up on this online, and also a book called The No-Cry Sleep Solution by Elizabeth Pantley helped me tremendously. Other cultures don't expect their children to sleep alone or through the night, I always wonder why we as a culture think we can one up mother nature.
What ever you decide works best for you, you should try. Follow your instincts. I would consider finding a new pediatrician. His inflexibility worries me because there isn't just one right way to raise a child.
Good luck,
R