If the dog is not in the vicinity where your son is eating.... will your son still "throw" food???
Try not allowing the dog to be around when you are feeding your baby.
When I was growing up, my parents did not allow our dog to be IN the kitchen or anywhere where we ate. And the dog, obeyed.
Your baby will not starve.
And besides, "solids" at this age, is not a baby's "main course." For the 1st year of life, breastmilk/Formula is still a baby's primary source of nutrition. NOT solids. And solids... is not as nutritionally dense, as breastmilk or Formula.
This is also per our Pediatrician.
So, your babies should still be having breastmilk or Formula (whichever you are using) as their main, source of intake.
At this age, a baby does not have to have "solids" 3 times a day like adults, would. Solids is only an introduction to "eating."
A 10 month old, also is not adept at self-feeding. Their fine-motor ability is still developing. You... will need to feed baby. As messy as it may be.