Hi A.-
My peanut is 2 yrs this June so we were in your spot not too long ago...
I started much slower with just cereal in the AM at 6 months. It was never much, just a tablespoon mixed with BM or formula till really runny. She always preferred nursing so that was what we did for her primary food source. Near the end of 6 months I had worked up to two "meals" - ceral at breakfast and lunch and even started experiementing with fruits. I would sub the fruits in for the cereal at lunch time. This usually was a few tsp and never a whole jar. I tried one change for three days straight before we moved on to anything else. I did this so I could monitor her reactions if any. Dinner and all snacks typically remained a bottle.
By the middle of seven months, we had increased the cereal to pretty much the entire bottom of a regular cereal bowl and dried it out a fair amount. We even started adding fruit to the cereal. All the mean time I added new items at lunch time. I think we picked up "dinner" about this time too.
I really liked the Beechnuts food line although they did not do so well with the single meats. I had to buy Gerber to expose her to those. I felt like the Beechnuts laid out a good outline for when to advance in thickness and texture.
My little girl was a champ with finger foods very early on and she always took an interest in what I was eating so once we hit a "Stage 3" level and she was eating 3 meals a day (I think about 10 months), I would slip her a taste of my food - spaghetti sauce, a plain noodle, steamed veggies, especially peas - things that would be similar to what we eat and she would be eating once she grew up. She eats lots of different things now including chickpees the other night.
I would take your cue from the baby. Make a little more than you think she will eat. If she is pushing away the spoon, she is done. If you are finished and she is still opening her mouth, give her a bit more or maybe something different (like the fruit or another veggie). There is no exact science as each child is different which is why your pedi may be hesitant to give you a number. When parents are given a number, it is a benchmark and we might push our kids to eat that much (or that little, depending on the case). This can result in battles over food which should be a learning and bonding experience like anything else in your baby's life. It can result in over/under eating too which of course means weight issues later. You really don't want to set yourself or your baby up for that so give the doc a break.
I wish you lots of luck. I am sure you will get great advise here!
~C.