Since you got rid of the binky because it was inconvenient and she could never find it on her own at night... why didn't you just put SEVERAL in her crib with her? That is what we used to do with my son. It worked. By this age, you just show them, "explain" and they will know. But yes, at some point, the binky-bye-bye period ends and everyone is different. Or yes, as Bergen said... just give her the Binky at night or for naps... many parents do this option too.
Maybe her sleep issues right now is just a coincidence... but maybe she is actually going through "night terrors." It usually comes up around this age... it is purely developmental and a phase. Look it up online, it is not as "horrid" as it sounds. BUT, it's normal. I would really consider this. If it is "night-terrors"... she can't just stop it at will, nor will other methods "stop" it... it is developmental and it can happen on and off throughout this age. BOTH my kids had this too.
Or, maybe she is just over-tired... over-tired kids tend to NOT sleep well, wake more, and are fussier when waking or if waking during the night... as you said, her naps have gotten "shorter" now without her binky... so she IS probably more tired than usual...AND her "usual" sleep pattern got disrupted.
Not only did her binky go away, but now, her sleep/naps are shorter and she wakes more and cannot go back to sleep as well... so maybe she is just too darn over-tired by this point.
Tired sleepy kids are just grumpy when waking.... my daughter is like that. It takes her time to transition out of the haze so to speak, before she is in the real world with us.
Self-soothing is attained... not all kids are good at it, nor do it. My first born would NOT self-soothe, and believe me I tried EVERYTHING and researched it tons. And, she would wake up SCREAMING and shrieking too. But me, I co-slept and she was nursed.
My 2nd born on the other hand, self-soothes no problem and is much more less clingy. Each kid is different with different abilities. If it were so simple, all kids would be self-soothing and sleeping without a hitch.
And, well, some kids are just more "oral" and this soothes them. My son is like that. Even in the womb, a baby will self-soothe too, by sucking their fingers. It's just an instinct.
Sorry, I don't have any answers concretely. But it may just be a combination of things... which MANY times, is it. It is rarely just "1" thing that is tweaking a child.
Good luck,
Susan