Hi L.,
It sounds like your little guy just doesn't like the slick or mushy textures right now... Experiment with giving him chopped raw veggies, provided he has teeth and the pieces are a safe size. (Maybe shredded carrots, for example.) Also, pureed fruits and veggies are still fruits and veggies, if he is ok with "smooth" textures. Try the mushy foods later; he may change his preferences.
You know what? I can't stand anything dry and sort of stringy--foods like shredded coconut or sprouts. A coworker was just telling me she doesn't like squash or eggplant because of the texture. To each their own.
And no, you are not offering your son too many foods. Keep giving him a great variety like you are. You never know what his "new" favorites will be!
My son is 10 months old, too, and your post just reminded me of how "individual" babies are! My son does not have teeth yet, and he just throws finger foods on the floor, no matter how hungry he is. However, he'll eat anything I feed him, any texture.
Enjoy your little guy for the individual that he is, and have fun with the feedings.