In child care a child moves into a preschool style classroom the day they turn 2 years old. The toddler room is less structured, they might not sit down at a table and do anything like color or do work more than once per week. They play more and just don't have a "lot" of structure.
When they turn 2 and move into the preschool style class they might start the day off in circle time. Learning about colors, shapes, numbers, weather outside, learning songs, poems that help with memory things, get to play with musical instruments: like drums, maracas, triangles, things they can bang and not destroy. They might hear stories, learn about animals or activities of the month.
In the 2 year old classroom they also do table work every day. Some days they might even do it for a few minutes in the morning and then again in the afternoon. They do take from 1.5 to 2 hours for nap. They eat snacks and have a noon meal. Often they'll start work on spelling only their first name. They won't likely be able to learn to do it well until they're 3 but starting out they can trace the letters in sand, make spaghetti letters, string letters, etc...crafts with a purpose.
They will also have outdoor time. Our state requires that every child go outside unless the weather poses a potential health hazard. According to our licensing worker that meant either lightening might strike them or the tornado would sweep them away. Some parents got really upset when we'd take their kids out in freezing or steamy hot weather but it was take them out or lose our license. We also did not allow kids to stay inside. If they're too sick to go outside in the fresh air then they are took sick to be in child care. I didn't have staff to sit inside with that child. So I told the parents they'd have to go home if they couldn't go outside.
At age 3 a child in a preschool sort of classroom should be working diligently on writing their first name. Some will be able to do it and some will struggle. It's not a necessary achievement but it is something age appropriate to be working on it. They should recognize a few colors and shapes and letters when shown. They should have 4-6 piece puzzles to play with, dress up clothes, house play items, outdoor play time and things for outdoors, and lots of variety in their play areas.
They should be spending some time each day sitting at the table and working with a pencil in their hands. It helps develop their fine motor skills. They should be "writing" in a journal (This helps them associate writing down their feelings and emotional stuff plus it helps them prepare for writing that will come with time), they will be spending more scheduled time on learning activities. They might even play games online on a computer or other device meant for preschool learning.
When they are a full 4 years old and the fall school session comes around they should be in a school supervised pre-K classroom. This way they will be sure to be ready for Kindergarten when they are 5.