My honest opinion is that this is such a short time in your life that has such an impact on your child's! Think about it it's only a couple of years out of what 70-80 years of your life? I have been BF straight for 4 1/2 yr thought the 2 of my children & it can definitely be hard, but I will get through it knowing the benefits I am giving. Maybe people around you have discounted what it is worth. Also maybe you need more of a break. Just stick it out! The benefits to your child are life long! Here's some compelling info:
HELPFORM –extended nursing refs
http://iwantmymum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=49
Nursing toddlers benefit NUTRITIONALLY
Although there has been little research done on children who
breastfeed
beyond the age of two, the available information indicates that
breastfeeding continues to be a valuable source of nutrition and
disease
protection for as long as breastfeeding continues.
"Breast milk continues to provide substantial amounts of key
nutrients well
beyond the first year of life, especially protein, fat, and most
vitamins."
-- Dewey 2001
In the second year (12-23 months), 448 mL of breastmilk provides:
29% of energy requirements
43% of protein requirements
36% of calcium requirements
75% of vitamin A requirements
76% of folate requirements
94% of vitamin B12 requirements
60% of vitamin C requirements
-- Dewey 2001
"The estimated mean 24-hour milk intake was 548 g for the 97% who were
breastfed at 12 to 23 months and 312 g for the 73% who were breastfed
at 24
to 36 months. This represents an average daily intake of 41% and 23%
of the
safe recommended daily intake (400 RE) for vitamin A, respectively."
-- Persson 1998
It's not uncommon for weaning to be recommended for toddlers who are
eating
few solids. However, this recommendation is not supported by research.
According to Sally Kneidel in "Nursing Beyond One Year" (New
Beginnings,
Vol. 6 No. 4, July-August 1990, pp. 99-103.):
Some doctors may feel that nursing will interfere with a child's
appetite
for other foods. Yet there has been no documentation that nursing
children
are more likely than weaned children to refuse supplementary foods.
References
Nursing toddlers are SICK LESS OFTEN
The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that children weaned
before
two years of age are at increased risk of illness (AAFP 2001).
Nursing toddlers between the ages of 16 and 30 months have been found
to
have fewer illnesses and illnesses of shorter duration than their
non-nursing peers (Gulick 1986).
"Antibodies are abundant in human milk throughout lactation"
(Nutrition
During Lactation 1991; p. 134). In fact, some of the immune factors in
breastmilk increase in concentration during the second year and also
during
the weaning process. (Goldman 1983, Goldman & Goldblum 1983,
Institute of
Medicine 1991).
Per the World Health Organization, "a modest increase in
breastfeeding rates
could prevent up to 10% of all deaths of children under five:
Breastfeeding
plays an essential and sometimes underestimated role in the treatment
and
prevention of childhood illness." [emphasis added]
Nursing toddlers have FEWER ALLERGIES
Many studies have shown that one of the best ways to prevent
allergies and
asthma is to breastfeed exclusively for at least 6 months and continue
breastfeeding long-term after that point.
Breastfeeding can be helpful for preventing allergy by:
reducing exposure to potential allergens (the later baby is exposed,
the
less likely that there will be an allergic reaction),
speeding maturation of the protective intestinal barrier in baby's
gut,
coating the gut and providing a barrier to potentially allergenic
molecules,
providing anti-inflammatory properties that reduce the risk of
infections
(which can act as allergy triggers).
Nursing toddlers are SMART
Extensive research on the relationship between cognitive achievement
(IQ
scores, grades in school) and breastfeeding has shown the greatest
gains for
those children breastfed the longest.
Nursing toddlers are WELL ADJUSTED SOCIALLY
According to Sally Kneidel in "Nursing Beyond One Year" (New
Beginnings,
Vol. 6 No. 4, July-August 1990, pp. 99-103.):
"Research reports on the psychological aspects of nursing are scarce.
One
study that dealt specifically with babies nursed longer than a year
showed a
significant link between the duration of nursing and mothers' and
teachers'
ratings of social adjustment in six- to eight-year-old children
(Ferguson et
al, 1987). In the words of the researchers, 'There are statistically
significant tendencies for conduct disorder scores to decline with
increasing duration of breastfeeding.'"
According to Elizabeth N. Baldwin, Esq. in "Extended Breastfeeding
and the
Law":
"Breastfeeding is a warm and loving way to meet the needs of toddlers
and
young children. It not only perks them up and energizes them; it also
soothes the frustrations, bumps and bruises, and daily stresses of
early
childhood. In addition, nursing past infancy helps little ones make a
gradual transition to childhood."
Baldwin continues: "Meeting a child's dependency needs is the key to
helping
that child achieve independence. And children outgrow these needs
according
to their own unique timetable." Children who achieve independence at
their
own pace are more secure in that independence then children forced
into
independence prematurely.
Nursing a toddler is NORMAL
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be
breastfed for
at least 12 months, and for as long after that as mother and child
both wish
to continue (AAP 1997).
The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that
breastfeeding
continue throughout the first year of life and that "Breastfeeding
beyond
the first year offers considerable benefits to both mother and child,
and
should continue as long as mutually desired." They also note that "If
the
child is younger than two years of age, the child is at increased
risk of
illness if weaned." (AAFP 2001)
A US Surgeon General has stated that it is a lucky baby who continues
to
nurse until age two. (Novello 1990)
The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of nursing at
least
years of age or beyond (WHO 1992, WHO 2002).
Scientific research by Katherine A. Dettwyler, PhD shows that 2.5 to
7.0
years of nursing is what our children have been designed to expect
(Dettwyler 1995).
MOTHERS also benefit from nursing past infancy
Extended nursing delays the return of fertility in some women by
suppressing
ovulation.
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of ovarian cancer.
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of uterine cancer.
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of endometrial cancer.
Breastfeeding protects against osteoporosis. During lactation a
mother may
experience decreases of bone mineral. A nursing mom's bone mineral
density
may be reduced in the whole body by 1 to 2 percent while she is still
nursing. This is gained back, and bone mineral density may actually
increase, when the baby is weaned from the breast. This is not
dependent on
additional calcium supplementation in the mother's diet.
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer Studies have found a
significant inverse association between duration of lactation and
breast
cancer risk.
Breastfeeding has been shown to decrease insulin requirements in
diabetic
women.
Breastfeeding moms tend to lose weight easier.
References
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See Calcium for more information and references.
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