With that attitude of stomping, yanking things, marching off, and not even saying bye, I would have taken his device away and told him he is not getting it for 24 hours, so he can reflect on how his behavior has consequences. Then, as mamazita suggested, I would have made it a new rule that he can play on his device after school, after homework has been completed, then chores, for x amount of hours. Why does he need to be on his phone by 7 am? I can understand this for a business executive, lawyer, doctor, but a child? Why can't his playtime wait until after school? Same with chores?
Here is what I would do: I would ask about any and all homework BEFORE bed time, not the morning of, because at that point, there is nothing that can be done. I would prioritize homework over chores, though I understand some kids are overwhelmed with schoolwork while at school, so in such cases, I might allow him to do his chores first, to get his mind off of school and give his mind a break. Then, homework must be completed. Then, dinnertime and showering (if he showers at night). At that point, he can have his device, let's say for an hour, or if you want, two. This is your call and it all depends on the time, of course. The next morning, I would set up several alarms on the phone for time allotment. Let's say the first alarm is for brushing his teeth, at that time, he needs to go in the bathroom and brush his teeth. The second alarm is to get dressed, by the time that second alarm goes off, he needs to go into his room to get his clothes on, and finish by the time the third alarm goes off, for doing his hair, and so on and so forth. Kids are horrible at time management, they just are. Either verbal reminders or mini-alarms should help.
ETA: I just read AKMom's comment, "I notice the more screen time my preteens got the moodier they were, we actually took screens away for a while and their outburst got better." The exact same thing as what happened with my daughter! Could it be your son is a bit addicted to his device and this is causing some of his moodiness? Seems too much of a coincidence that I had this issue, AKMom did, and so have many other parents on message boards or articles about grouchy, disrespectful, uncooperative kids and what a difference taking the phone away for extended periods of time made. I also read an article that too much social media, etc. causes anxiety in kids and how parents noticed their kids were no longer short-tempered or anxious -- just something to think about in regards to his outbursts.