Baby Steps: Thumbs Up!
Breaking a thumb-sucking habit
By Anita Sethi, Ph.D.
Q My 4-month-old baby girl likes to suck her thumb. I have tried giving her different pacifiers, but she doesn't like them. I tried mittens, but now she knows how to take them off, and when she can't remove them, she will suck the mittens. Please, do you have any suggestions on how to make her stop this bad habit?
A At 4 months, thumb sucking is not a bad habit — in fact, it's the opposite — and there's no need to try to stop your daughter from doing it.
As you may know, babies are born with a sucking reflex. Your daughter's capacity to bring her hand to her mouth is a product of the Babkin reflex, which can even be seen in utero. I know many new mothers who first saw their thumb-sucking baby through the grainy haze of a sonogram in their obstetrician's office.
Some babies have a stronger need to suck than others — like all areas of infant development, there is wide variation in what is normal. Just because your friend's baby doesn't take a pacifier or suck her thumb, or just because your neighbor managed to stop her baby from sucking her thumb by using mittens, that doesn't mean your little one will be the same, and you should not expect her to be.
The importance of sucking for infant self-soothing has been demonstrated in a variety of studies. For example, pacifier use or thumb sucking is often offered as a way for babies to tolerate the pain of needle punctures or other painful medical procedures. Nonnutritive sucking has been found to help the development of preterm babies, and in all babies, thumb or pacifier sucking is associated with self-calming. Thumb sucking may increase when your baby is tired or unhappy, as well as when she is unwell or teething. The thumb, therefore, provides your baby with a way of calming herself down — providing her with important experience in managing her emotions. In addition, a baby who is not distressed can then devote her energies to exploration, to eating, and to the many other challenges of development.
Research also suggests that thumb sucking that stops by the age of 2 will have little to no effect on growing teeth. Some studies indicate that any tooth misalignment that occurs among children who suck their thumb for even longer will self-correct if it discontinues by 5 years of age or so.
If you're worried that your baby will become "addicted" to her thumb, you may have a legitimate concern. But most children stop by the time they finish the toddler years, and one researcher suggests that more than half stop by 7 months. So there is good reason to believe that your daughter will stop on her own eventually. Some children stop sucking during the day, but nighttime habits linger for a little longer; this also wanes with time or, if necessary, with interventions like the awful-tasting liquids you may have seen in stores, which are not to be used on children of this young age.
You can also find a compromise between total indulgence of the habit and complete prohibition. For example, you can let her suck her thumb to soothe herself when she's cranky, but once she has calmed down (if she's not asleep), you can offer her some exciting toys so that she's motivated to use her hands for other purposes. If she falls asleep with her thumb in her mouth, you can try to remove it so that she doesn't become accustomed to sleeping that way. Such methods can help thumb sucking become just one aspect of a repertoire of self-soothing skills.
Babytalk, April 2004
Source: www.parenting.com
Ask Dr. Sears: Stop Thumb Sucking
By William Sears, M.D.
Q My 2-year-old is sucking her thumb, and I can see that her teeth are starting to protrude from it. Can you suggest any remedies to break a toddler from this habit?
A Thumb sucking is a natural instinct. When I look at ultrasounds, I see many babies sucking their thumbs in the womb. Sucking soothes sore gums during teething, and is often a baby's first way to self-calm. During the first year, smart infants figure out that non-nutritive sucking (sucking without feeding) settles upset tummies by activating the flow of saliva.
Because infants associate sucking with pleasure, they continue the habit throughout toddlerhood, and revert to it especially during times of stress. This need to suck usually diminishes sometime during the first year. Some toddlers, however, retain thumb or finger sucking as a normal method of using their body parts for pleasure or relaxation.
The good news is that by the time a child is old enough that thumb sucking might harm her teeth, she should also be old enough to understand how it is harmful. Be sure your child has regular dental check-ups every six months to a year, and try these five tricks to keep her habit from becoming a problem:
Keep little thumbs busy. Bored little thumbs and fingers often find their way into the mouth. The time-honored way of breaking any annoying or harmful habit is "distract and substitute." As soon as you see the thumb going toward the mouth, quickly distract your child into a hands-on activity or insert a toy into both hands.
Offer a sub. Tell your daughter: "When you feel like sucking your thumb, squeeze your thumb instead of sucking it." Or play the game of hide the thumb: "As soon as you feel like sucking your thumb, wrap your fingers around your thumb and hide it." Giving your child something else to do with her hands can change a harmful habit into a harmless one.
Track the trigger. Try to identify which situations set off her thumb sucking. Is she tired, bored, or stressed? Eliminate as many triggers as possible and quickly intervene with a play activity to ward off the thumb sucking.
Play show and tell. In front of a mirror, have your child run her index finger over the protruding upper teeth and put her fingertip in the gap between the upper and lower teeth while she bites. Put on a big smile and protrude your own upper teeth outward, saying something like: "You could develop Bugs Bunny teeth if your thumb keeps pulling on your upper teeth. But, if you don't suck your thumb so often and pull on them so hard, you'll have pretty teeth and a pretty smile." And then put on your pretty smile.
Let the thumb rest at night. In my pediatric practice experience, the most severe cases of overbite occur in those who strongly suck their thumbs throughout the night. Discourage her from going to sleep when sucking her thumb, as she will tend to revert back to this comfortable sucking habit when she wakes up. Some other tips:
• Give her a teddy bear that's so big she'll have to wrap her hands around it.
• Put her to bed with her hands occupied with a book or toy.
• Set up alternative sleep-inducing props, such as lullabies and music. Make a medley of you singing your child's favorite sleep-inducing lullabies, and let it continuously play throughout the night. If your child is comfortable going to bed with this music, she is more likely to resettle with the music rather than her thumb when she wakes up
Ask Dr. Sears: Putting an End to Thumb Sucking
By William Sears, M.D.
Q. My kindergartner still sucks her thumb. Will this cause problems, and, if so, how can I get her to stop this habit?
A. Thumb sucking by a baby or young child is a source of comfort and gratification, and it's generally considered a sign of emotional health. But habitual thumb sucking beyond age 4 can cause an overbite and other dental misalignments that may require costly visits to the orthodontist down the road. Also, the skin on the thumb can crack, bleed, and become infected. And an older child will more than likely be teased by other kids about still being a baby.
To help her nix the habit:
Don't nag. Doing so may make your child rebel and suck her thumb even more.
Keep her hands busy. As soon as you see her thumb on its way toward her mouth, distract her. For instance, pull out crayons and a favorite coloring book or encourage her to help you set the table.
Show her that thumb sucking isn't pretty. If she doesn't already have an overbite, imitate a bucked-tooth appearance, such as Bugs Bunny's, so she can see what could happen later on. If she does have an overbite, have her run her finger over the protruding upper teeth so she understands that she's doing herself harm.
Track what triggers the habit. Is it hunger, boredom, tiredness, or stress? Once you've figured it out, do what you can to sidestep the situation. For example, if your child sucks her thumb in the late afternoon when she's hungry, make sure she gets a snack earlier in the day. Or if it happens when she's bored, keep toys or books on hand for times when she has to, say, wait in line.
As a last resort, get a dental appliance. Your dentist can provide one that will help discourage your child from putting her thumb in her mouth and will prevent further damage to her teeth.
Thumb sucking among young kids is a very common habit — one that is considerably easier to break the sooner you try to do so.
Parenting, October 2002