Ooooh, I should let my husband answer this question. He is a professional photographer and has been battling this issue for years. Yes, it is stealing. Yes they are copyrighted images and yes it's illegal. (Just like a book, DVD or CD.) An artist created those images and even though they may have your child's image in them, the creation is owned by them. So to the mom who responded who thinks it's ok because you've already paid a session fee - it's not. Whoever her photographer is is hurting their profession by telling her it's ok. The images should have it written on back "Professional Paper. Do Not Copy" or something to that effect. It is not a gray area. It is stealing.
Just like you wouldn't walk into an art gallery and take a painting off the wall and walk out without paying, you shouldn't copy a photograph without permission. Some photographers will give permission (usually the ones who are more like "hobbyists" than true professionals, or they may give permission if they feel like they have made enough to cover their costs and then some). They are not only stealing from the photographer but from their own PTA since this is a fundraiser.
Why are these images so expensive? There is way more than the photographer's time you are paying for (usually covered in the session fee).
- Equipment. The best and latest digital cameras cost anywhere from $3000-$5000. Lighting equipment is in the thousands of dollars. Computers, photoshop all more thousands.
-- Training. Photographers don't just acquire the knowledge. They have to attend training, conferences and workshops in order to produce competitive images that will make them stand out and keep them in business. All these conferences are expensive ($1000 to attend, plus flight, hotel, time away from work) and most good photographers will attend 2 or 3 a year.
-- Staff. Good photographers will have staff who will be the ones who retouch the images or lighting assistants on the day of the shoot. They also have to be specially trained. My husband's assistant is full time and we pay her health insurance as well as for numerous workshops to keep her photoshop skills competitive. It can take her upwards of 1 hour per image to make it "perfect" in photoshop (removing stray hair, blemishes, etc). Her pay comes directly from the sale of the images.
-- Overhead. If the photographer has an office/studio the rent, utilities and insurance run into the thousands per month.
-- Professional lab service. Usually you have to apply and quailfy to do business with a professional lab. The lab charges for not only the prints, but the color correction and time spent on each individual image.
Some photographers are selling their images on CD for you to do whatever you want with them. The CD will be priced in a way that is covering for the cost involved and with the knowledge there won't be any future print sales (so it's usually expensive). This is controversial because you can take the image to Walmart or print it out on your own Laser Jet and get sub-quality images. Then you show it to your friends and family, tell them who the photographer is and they will make a face and make sure they don't use them, so many photographers still don't offer their images on CD for this reason. Their images that are being passed around are like marketing for them and the true print, created at the lab is the best representation of their work, not the flimsy, silky, blurry Walmart version. We do offer a CD in many of our packages now to stay competitive but cringe at the thought of our images out there being trashed.
And as far as your son telling his classmates - GOOD for him! Hopefully the moms who did the stealing will feel just a slight bit guilty for it and they should be the ones who are embarrassed and ashamed, not you.