M.P.
I suggest that there is nothing wrong with you. You've entered a different world. Look at this as an opportunity to learn how "the other half" lives. You may have thought that everyone could do everything as you did and didn't feel much sympathy for the "common folk." Now you know that variables can make a big difference in what we can and cannot do. I suggest that this experience will have matured you in ways that no other experience could have done.
I suspect you took pride in your accomplishments and they became a part of who you thought of yourself being. Without those accomplishments and on top of that, with all this extra responsibility that is new to you you're having difficulty accepting the new you. You may feel a sense of urgency to get "back on track." In part because you were a success on that old track. Now, you need to find a different way to measure your success.
Yes, there are ways to schedule your time so that you don't feel so overwhelmed but I suggest that first it will help if you can accept that you've entered an entirely different world than the one you're used to being in and it will take you time to accept who you are in this new world.
Be easy on yourself. You've given birth. Pregnancy and birth take a whole lot of energy that you used prior to your pregnancy to accomplish all that other stuff. I bet, you used to get a whole night's sleep in one block of time. You not only felt rested, you were rested. Now, you wake up during the night to take care of your little one. You have very little control of when you can sleep let alone for how long. Before, you could schedule your time so that you had none or very few interruptions. Now, you can't schedule when you can get anything done. You could schedule yourself. You can't schedule a baby.
You are the same person you were before but without the convenience of being without a baby. Accept that you are doing the best that you can do. Know that over time you will figure out ways of doing things that will help you get more done but that won't happen until the baby is older. For now your baby runs your life.
You can have a routine but it will get interrupted. You don't say how old your baby is. Some babies take to a routine and others don't. Before it was just you and now it's you and baby. Often mothers have said that they feel that they've lost themselves somewhere along the line. It will take time for you to find yourself but you'll never be the same again. A new N.D. is being formed right now. You'll retain the essence of yourself but as you mature into this new role your priorities will change and you'll find new ways to define yourself.
And that's OK because you've taken on the responsibility for another life. If I were you, I'd not try to keep up with any of your previous standards and give yourself time to adjust to this new way of living. It's time to put all of the things you used to do on a priority list right along with all the other things you have to do now. I think you'll find that you're still doing as much but what you're doing isn't so easily seen. Also, what you're doing takes new skills which take time to learn. As a full time student/employee you were in your comfort zone having spent years doing those things. You'll develop a routine as you did in your previous life but the routine will be different and based on a different set of needs and standards.
Perhaps it would help if at the end of the day you wrote down everything that you did that day. I make lists for that very purpose. I cross things off the list as I do them and then when I feel like I haven't accomplished a thing I look at the list and feel better.
Say to yourself several times during the day. Write it on your mirror. Tuck a note into your diaper bag. I'm doing just fine. Say it over and over until you believe it. The idea is to fake it until you make it instead of being critical of yourself because you've lost the comfortable world of before baby.