Remember the song we sang when we were kids: the toe bone is connected to the foot bone, the foot bone is connected to the ankle bone.... you know the song. Well, it it TRUE!
Yes, this can happen. I know a lot about this stuff: I have a hip problem from an old surgery and it is now creating problems in my shoulder. My son had lower back problems for 4 months until we went to a chiropractor and for massages and now his upper back is slightly sore.
Weak muscles get help from all the other muscles nearby when they can't do the work, or when bones are out of alignment, you are asking of them. When the strong muscles get over-tired they complain at us.
If you trust your chiropractor and it has helped, follow his recommendations for future treatment. You need to be adding yoga and pilates into your exercises. These programs will stregthen your core and
balance out what has occurred in your body. You could also ask your chiropractor for exercises to do.