Hi Mara K,
I was hospitalized for a week following a difficult birth and my son wasn’t able to nurse so my milk almost dried up. He was low in weight as well. This is what I did to recover it with the help of an excellent lactation consultant/ peditrician called Dr. Smillie of Stratford CT.
UNDIAGNOSED FENULUM
First and foremost, if your baby's losing weight, take a look at your baby's fenulum (the thin membrane under the tongue than connects it to the bottom of the mouth). It is sometimes too short and makes nursing harder than usual, contributing to low flow. This often goes unseen/ undiagnosed and is very important as it affects eating & speech down the road.
In my son's case it was attached to the very tip of the tongue (extreme - level 1) which made it hard for him to nurse, though not impossible. He somehow was able to adapt using a nipple shield, but it took him a very long time to nurse (45 minutes or so). He preferred the bottle because the flow was faster but I continued nursing him as well and pumping afterwards, as there would always be about 1 oz left afterwards.
Most cases are not so readily visible - look to see if the baby can stick out her tongue (stick your finger in - sometimes they push it out). If the tongue doesn't pass her gum line, doesn't stick out past her lips, or if the shape seems odd (like a "w") there may be a problem.
Once the fenulum under the tongue was clipped by his pediatrician in a 5-second procedure, he was able to stick out his tongue and move it without any problems, and nursing quickly improved. He was far more efficient and now takes 5 minutes or less to nurse. No milk is left to pump.
HOW TO GET BABY TO ACCEPT NURSING
Our biggest obstacle was getting him back to the breast at six weeks of age, as he was used to the bottle and to the nipple shield. If he was hungry he would reject the breast.
To get around this, the doctor suggested only breastfeeding when the baby was happy, so that nursing would be a pleasant experience for both mom and baby. This is easier said than done, of course. While doing this therapy, these were the instructions I received.
* Never nurse your baby when he's starving, as it may become an unpleasant experience for the baby and it will stress you to boot.
* Try to feed frequently and on demand - about every 2-3 hrs was right for my son. Waiting 4 or 5 hours between feedings is Ok only if the baby is on formula exclusively or asleep (do not wake them) - breastfed babies must be fed more frequently. If you can, pump after you nurse to increase milk production.
* Engorgement is not a sign of good milk production – it’s a sign that you’re waiting too long to nurse. Milk will NOT build up and increase supply – rather, it will signal your body to produce less milk. So nurse frequently (every 2-3 hours) around the clock (yep, no one ever told me this before) to keep up the milk supply (but only if baby wakes up, otherwise pump).
* If you supplement, give small amounts of formula, in line with how much he would take in if nursing. A 5 or 6 oz bottle is way too much if you are also breastfeeding - it expands the baby's tummy (which is the size of his fist) and if you nurse him later, you can't compete. Try 2-3 oz of formula at a time (in my case I sometimes supplement after feeding as my left side has no milk).
* Before nursing, give an ounce or so of formula if the baby's very hungry to take the edge off the hunger. Then offer the breast. Do this at first only and keep pumping, the idea is only to calm the baby a little.
I also had problems with very slow flow and low supply (measured, it took 300 pumps to get 1 1/2 - 2 oz of milk over 20-30 minutes - it is now 50-80 pumps in 5 minutes for the same volume). It's also normal to not be able to pump much even if you have a lot of milk (some women can't get anything at all) - the best pump is always your baby!
To help solve it:
* Fenugreek herbal supplements (1-2 capsules per meal) - only if OK'd by your doctor if you have a history of diabetes. Otherwise, high protein meals and milk help. You can try fenugreek tea as well but this was less effective.
* Avoid spearmint or any type of mint that may lower supply.
* Make sure the baby's positioned correctly. The baby's head should be halfway between your wrist and elbow, she should be facing you, and her body should be resting under the opposite breast (the baby should not be horizontal). Use a cushion or nursing pillow that can be molded (like the one from Sealy, sold for $14 at Bed, Bath & Beyond) to help support your arm and keep you from getting tired.
* Sit in a comfortable spot. I have a glider but don't use it anymore - I found a $20 backrest with armrests from Bed Bath & Beyond to be far more effective in supporting my back. I sit in bed and nurse My son.
Also, if you are using a Boppy, it is too high in some cases and holds the baby horizontally, as opposed to diagonally. A softer nursing pillow that you can adjust is better, but be careful with a young baby if she falls asleep.
* Keep pumping. Don't let more than 4 hours pass without pumping or nursing & pumping.
If you pump, it's possible that you'll get less breastmilk than what the baby does while nursing (they're better at drawing milk). Likewise, breastmilk is used more efficiently by the baby's body so they don't need as much of it as regula formula. So if you are pumping milk and it's less than the above guideline, don't worry, it's OK.
It's also possible that you may not be able to pump or don't get too much breastmilk when you do, but that your baby can still nurse without problems. The only way to know if your milk supply is adequate is baby's weight gain. You can measure this accurately at home without a pediatric scale. We have a $69 Tanita BF681 digital floor scale at home with body fat measurement and calorie intake recommendation - I weigh myself with and without the baby, the difference is his weight. It's fairly accurate.
Although I give my son formula at night, I never wake him up. I wait for him to ask for formula (he'll still be hungry after nursing). Enjoy whatever time you have to sleep because you don't want to create new habits that you'll have to undo down the road. I feed my son at night only because I have to either pump or nurse at least every four hours to keep up my precarious milk supply. Other moms I know had their babies sleep through the night (some 10 hours) and said their bodies adjusted, even if they were still nursing.
On my own, this is what I discovered also helps.
* Keep your weight up. I got used to the belly fat and upper arms, thinking of it as padding for my son. I've kept on 20 lbs on purpose to help with breastfeeding, by eating 2200 calories a day (chicken, cheese, PBJ sandwiches, juices, mixed green salad, Nesquick cocoa w/ whole milk and Kushi granola bars are the basis of my diet).
* Bribe your baby with soft materials. I got cozy microfleece or velour longing sets from Costco ($20 each) that My son loved to cuddle up to while nursing, and are good PJs to boot. Clothes also made a huge difference in my outlook - J Jill and Macy's Charter Club both sell great jeans and pants that are made of stretchy material that fits great and is very forgiving to the extra pounds. J Jill also has great velour tops (like velvet) that are machine washable and/or can be wiped off easily in case of spit up.
You can also try the following tips from baby books, in case the baby rejects the breast:
* Slow milk let-down- Milk may take up to 5 minutes to come down. Help the milk flow by using a warm compress or pump a little so that the baby doesn't have to work so hard to get some milk.
* Diet - strong foods (garlic, spicy food, cabbage) can alter the taste of the milk.
* A cold - if baby's stuffy, he simply can't eat and breathe at same time. Use vaporizer, saline drops (one small squirt of mist in each nostril, while baby's upright).
* Teething - but I think your baby's too young for this..
* Earache - if the baby's not eating in general, crying, tugging at its ear, has fever, etc. Call your doctor immediately.
* Thrush - if baby has fungal infection in mouth nursing may be painful.
* Hormonal change in you - if your period has come back or if you are pregnant (!) your hormones will change the taste of the milk.
* Tension in you -If you are worried or upset the baby will sense this.
* No reason in particular - it may just be an "off" day and she may not want to nurse.
* Too many distractions - TV, radio, people, etc. Go to a quiet, dim-lit room.
* Baby's ready for weaning - not likely this young though
* Alleries - if your diet includes milk (or you add it) see if this affects your baby in any way as it can sometimes give them gas. In my case, I can't drink more than 3 glasses a day (borderline lactose intolerant). It doesn't affect my son.
Whatever you do, don't take this personally if the baby doesn't want to nurse. There's a lot of causes for it and several things you can try.
And as always, if she doesn't nurse, or doesn't nurse much, pump afterwards so it doesn't affect your supply.
Hope this helps!