Have you had a calm, sit down, let's solve this problem together conversation with him? A conversation in which you do not criticize or complain? One in which he's able to offer his ideas for solutions.
This has apparently taken on gigantic emotional proportions for you. Have you sat down calmly with yourself and tried to figure out what is actually fueling all this anger? It's something greater than his lack of taking care of things. After all. people and our relationships are much more important than things.
I suggest that counseling could help you work out your issues. Yes, it would be good if he went too but from this post it sounds like you're the one with issues. containers and towels? count against his good points? Huh? I suggest you need to find a way to balance out the irritations with the good points by putting more emphasis on the good points than on the negative ones. And learn how to deal with frustrations before they grow to the point of all out war and considering a divorce.
I will add that if you put the rags in the same general area as the towels that may help. I faced this problem and have both rags and good towels in the kitchen. The rags are visible on a shelf. I didn't even have to ask the men in my family to just use rags. Once they were readily available they used them. It's actually easier to pull out a rag then dig for a towel.
And why not use food storage containers for chemicals? Just be sure to label in large letters the contents. If he doesn't label them, then you do so. It's not so much the container that is confusing but where it's located. If it's under the sink or in the garage and has stuff in it then it's not a food container any longer. If cost is your concern, but the Ziplock style of container. They're inexpensive.
And instead of you storing these items for him. Give them to him and have him store them. Then he'll know where they are and is more likely to use them. You do have to do all of this in a calm, non-judgmental way with no emotional investment. When you get angry it's human nature for him to defend himself and dig in against your orders.
To save yourself much aggravation accept that you cannot change anyone but yourself. You can change your expectation and live a happier life.
Later; About the turtle in mixing bowls. I put fish in mine when I changed the water. The bowls go into the dishwasher which sterilizes them.