Hi Sophie,
You bring up an issue that raises difficulties for many families, regardless of where they live. In Israel, where the religious dynamics are, to say the least, a bit different than in the US, your type of situation can get even more complicated. I'm sure I don't need to tell you that secular Israelis don't much feel the need to practice Judaism, either in or out of the Beit Knesset!
You don't mention what type of congregation you're taking your children to, or where you live. Since there are very few Masorti congregations in Israel I assume you're attending an orthodox shul. Consider shopping around for one that is kid friendly and/or that offers alternative services that your husband might consider attending once in a while. There are no shortage of shuls in Israel, and nothing says that you have to attend the same one all the time. My hubby lived in Jerusalem for a year while attending rabbinical school and, while I only got to be with him for 3 weeks of that time (I couldn't afford to leave my job in the US for that year and uproot 2 teenagers), we attended several shuls and no two were alike (I came during the chagim, so there was plenty of opportunity for shul hopping!) For pomp, "high church" and amazing music, there's nothing like the Great Synagogue on King George. Diagonal to that on Agron, however, is the flagship Masorti syngogue, Moreshet Yisrael, next to the Fuchsberg Center. Adam Franke, who's the rabbi there, is a great guy and has a daughter who would be about 5 or 6 now, I believe. If you're in that area, you might want to give him a call and talk to him. (When we were there, though, the synagogue was attended mostly by American rabbis who had retired to Israel!) We also attended a wonderful modern orthodox synagogue (I can't remember exactly, but I think it was called Shirah Chadashah or Shir Chadash) that was about as close to egalitarian as you could get in Modern Orthodoxy, and which had a special children's program. Another alternative Minyan we attended -- Kedem -- had really lively services and great discussions. They're on Emek Refaim not far from Liberty Park (in that area of little up-scale shops and restaurants).
It would certainly be helpful if your husband would attend once in a while. It's always easiest if both parents present a united "front" to their children. The first step would be to find a congregation that he can build a relationship with, and that he will not find boring (3 hours of shabbat service can be tedious for adults, too!) Do you have relatives in the area? Do they attend services? Shul might be more a pleasant experience with Tsaba and Tsafta, and they can stand in as role models for your husband. Also, incorporating rituals into your home is important. It doesn't have to be all or nothing. Start small -- maybe just light the candles on shabbat to start, than build over time to having a festive meal, add in Kiddush, bless your children, and eventually include the bentsching and z'mirot. Welcome in another family with kids your children's ages, and make sure to make it a warm and enjoyable time for all.
As for growing to like services, well, you can never tell. Everyone gets something different from them. My eldest was a very religious kid until his second year of High School, then totally rebelled. Before 10th grade, we never had to fight with him to go to services and he was very comfortable with his Judaism. Despite his rebellion, he was thrilled to spend a month in Israel on youth pilgrimage, but upon his return adamantly refused to go to services. Now at almost twenty, he still is not interested in attending services and no longer keeps kosher, yet he still davens sometimes in a little minyan of his friends and organizes ad hoc services for the chagim. He attended seder this year with the congregation he grew up in before we moved away and is considering tutoring B'nei Mitzvah students. I figure, at least he's at the table, even if he's not partaking of the full meal just yet.
We're having similar issues with our daughter, who is almost 16 (it can be part of being a teenager). It's a little more complicated with her, because now that my husband is a rabbi there is a bit of a natural expectation that our daughter has a good background and will attend services. I backed off on insisting that she go for quite some time after her Bat Mitzvah, but we now expect it (especially since she will be travelling to Israel this summer and will be expected to take on some leadership roles). As much as she complains that she "doesn't believe in organized religion", she participates in services, joins in with the discussion during Torah study, maintains kashrut, and is respectful of home observance.
Sorry for the ramble. I guess my message is this. It is up to you to give your children roots and wings. It will be up to them to figure out how to fly when they're ready to leave the nest. And by the way, I am not above a little bribery. I always made sure to bring some sweet treats to shul with us when the kids were little. There's an old tradition to this -- the words of the Torah should be as sweet on their lips and in their hearts as the candy they enjoy in the sanctuary!
Kol tuv,
R.