Hi, K. S!
I noticed that you mentioned your child was 1 1/2 years old, which I believe is a pretty hard age for her to communicate her feelings to you. Even though she may know how to say some words, they usually don't understand how to explain to you how they are feeling.. And most of the time, they only know how to do that through actions. Almost like sign language with their bodies. Which of course, is their basic instincts on how to react to a situation. And like everyone, that's how majority of the way people react to others.. Body language is the main way of communications.. Since you daughter is but only at a young age, the best way to get her to calm down when she is in a defiant behavior, is to set her aside maybe to the kitchen or bathroom sink, and get a wash cloth or paper towel, and wet it with cold water to calm down their anger.. Which I assure is safe, and will not affect them in the future. I've done it many times when my son was a toddler. As he got older, he was able to calm himself down by going somewhere quiet to take a breather. However, your daughter might not be able to understand how to take time for herself when she is frustrated. So a little cold compress on her forehead, and neck may be able to get her to cool off and a soft blow to her neck will also distract her from what is upsetting her. Also, if you pretty much have an idea on what is upsetting her, explaining to her why you understand why she is upset, and having her either agree with you, by either saying yes, or nodding is a good way for her to know that you understand why she is frustrated and will help her out. Or she will simply say no, or shake her head to let you know, that she isn't in agreement with you. When you two clash heads with each other, it is good to show you are there for her when she's upset, and will help her understand the reason for finishing her food, or taking her nap. Also, I used to have a difficult time with nap time when my son was young, and I learned from his daycare when he was your daughters age, that soft classical music, and a dim room will calm down the child and soft spoken words to them will relax them to become tired. You don't have to force her to go into her crib, or toddler bed and expect her to just fall asleep. The gentleness will ease their excitement, and give them peace to relax. Also, it may be good for you to lay down with her, and read her a book of her choosing, and have her lay down with you, maybe caressing her hair, or massaging her feet or arms to help her sleep. I used to massage my son's feet all the time when he was young to make him feel safe in mommy's arms. It helped him relax a lot.