Pasta with chicken is pretty fast - boil the water. While the water is boiling, cut the chicken into bite-size pieces. When you add the pasta, quickly cook up the chicken on the stove, adding whatever seasoning you like. When everything is done cooking, drain the pasta and add it to the pan with the chicken. Dump some sauce on top and you're good to go.
For veggies, I will often buy the precut mix of broccoli, cauliflower and carrots. I just pour on a little olive oil and some seasoned salt and bake it for 10-15 minutes. You can do this while you're making the pasta and chicken.
Jack Daniels makes a really good pulled pork. It is pre-cooked and packaged, so all you have to do is heat it in the microwave. I buy some yummy bread and make sandwiches with that. It is perfect for the nights when we are out late for sports practice and have to have a quick dinner. It is not spicy, and my picky four year old loves it too.
We also have a rice cooker, so at least once a week we'll make rice in there, while cooking up some quick chicken and veggies stir-fry style on the stove.
My friend who works full time does a ton of cooking prep on the weekend. She plans all of her meals. She washes and cuts up all of her veggies and stores them separately for each meal. She marinates some chicken. She cuts up any meat that needs cutting. It saves her a ton of time since, on top of working full time, she has three boys who are all very active in sports.
The last suggestion I have is to make something big, like lasagna or a casserole, that you can eat twice in the same week. Having leftovers to just warm up is so nice!