A child cannot legally face the front of the vehicle until at least 1yr AND 20lbs. Even if your state does not have a specific car seat law stating 1yr and 20lbs, all states have proper usage clause, meaning you have to use the seat to the manufacturers specifications, and there is not one seat on the market that allows forward facing before 1yr of age and 20lbs, and most seats have a height minimum for forward facing too, of 34" tall.
If your child is outgrowing the infant bucket seat, purchase a CONVERTIBLE car seat, which will rear face to 35-45lbs (depending on model) and forward face to 40-80lbs (depending on model). NHTSA, car seat manufacturers, and the AAP all recommend children remain rear facing until they hit the rear facing weight limits of their convertible car seat. A rear facing car seat is outgrown when the child goes over the rear facing weight limit or there is less than one inch of hard shell above the childs head.
PLEASE PLEASE google 'internal decapitation', 'extended rear facing', and 'Joels Journey' for more information.
There are so many great seats on the market now, car seat manufacturers are catching up and making seats that not only keep children rear facing as long as possible, but also in a harness as long as possible!
Graco MyRide65- $150 will rear face to 40lbs and fits most kids rear facing to age 3, and forward facing to 65lbs and fits most kids forward facing to age 6. I liked this seat... its sturdy, tall, and has amazing side impact protection. My youngest would have been able to rear face in this seat until he was 4yrs old!
First Years Trufit- $170 will rear face to 35lbs and fits mostk ids rear facing to 3, and forward facin to 65lbs and fits most kids to age 6/7 forward facing. I haven't played with this seat much but most techs really dig this seat. ITs tall, easy to use (infinite adjust harness!) and very comfy.
Evenflo Triumph ADVANCE- $130 will rear face to 35lbs/around age 2/3, and forward face to 50lbs/around age 5/6. Infinite adjust harness and taller shell, very nice seat, just make sure you don't get the regular Triumph, that one is a waste of money, and way shorter in the shell than the ADVANCE.
Britax Marathon- $270 will rear face to 35lbs/around age 2/3, and forward face to 65lbs/around age 6. My youngest rear faced in thsi seat until he was 3yrs old. It has a 17" top harness slot, and fits most kids to age 6 easily. My super tall oldest was able to use it until he was almost 7! Its ridiculously easy to install, and can be tethered rear facing, which reduces rebound dramatically. If there was ever a reason to buy a Britax, its the ability to tether while rear facing. Its really a feature that is unmatchable with other brands.
Sunshine Kids Radian XTSL- $300 will rear face to 45lbs/around age 4, and forward face to 80lbs/around age 7. This seat can also be tethered rear facing, and again its a feature you cannot match with another brand. If there was a reason to spend $300 on a seat, its the feature that it can be tethered while rear facing.My boys would have been able to rear face in this seat until 5! by both height and weight.
These are all amazing seats that will rear face your little one as long as possible, and in the harness as long as possible. Avoid 3-in-1 seats like the Alpha Omega. Its ok rear facing but they are outgrown super fast in height, and they make horrid booster seats with the adult belt, they failed every crash test miserably in booster mode. A dedicated convertible until outgrown, then a dedicated booster seat until age 8 or 4'9" is the way to go.
A rear facing car seat is outgrown when the child goes over the rear facing weight limit, or there is less than an inch of hard shell above the head. The harness should come from just at or below the shoulders while rear facing. Legs touching the seat, crossed legs, etc are NOT a problem and not a reason to forward face, as there has never been a documented case of broken legs while rear facing, but on the contrary one of the most common forward facing injuries is broken legs! Kids can easily rear face to age 2/3 in car seats available in the USA. In Sweden, kids rear face to age 5/50lbs, and they have had less kids die in 10yrs than die in a day in the US in car accidents. That speaks volumes to rear facing and their general attitude towards car seat safety vs. the USA.
When forward facing, a car seat is outgrown when the child goes over the weight limit, the ears become level with the seat back, or the shoulders go over the top harness slot. When one of these things happens, the seat is outgrown and needsto be replaced. When forward facing, the harness should come from just at or above the shoulders. A child should remain in a 5pt harness as ong as possible, but 4yrs and 40lbs is the bare minimum, and always go with a high back booster for a younger child. No back boosters are for BIG kids, over age 6.
No bulky jackets in the car seat, no buntings, no Bundle Me covers, nothin bulky. These things compress in a crash and leave hte harenss too loose, subjecting the baby to being thrown around violently, or being ejected from the car seat.
The chest clip is just that, for the chest. It should be even with the armpits, not down by the belly. The chest clip is a pre-crash retainer, and will likely break open in a crash. ITs job is to keep the harness on the childs shoulders. That is why its important to buckle not only the chest clip,but the crotch buckle too, as they are meant to work together, so you MUST use both.
I hope this information is helpful. If you need assistance installing your car seats, or would like information from a trained CPST in your area, please visit www.safekids.org and click on 'child passenger safety' to find an event and CPST in your area.