Hi!
First 2 1/2 yrs - late toddlers and preschooler ages - can be REALLY TRYING! They are still so young yet can cause so many headaches!
First, my question for you is what is your goal as a parent? Is it most important that you have a child that follows orders and is well behaved, or is it most important that you raise a daughter that is a well-adjusted adult that can problem solve, resolve conflicts and has strong internal morals that guide her life whether or not she could get 'caught' from her actions and understands her needs while taking into account the needs of others?
If you're more interested in the former, then take a more behavorist approach where you give consequences to the actions and in essence train her. If you're interested in the latter, yes have consequences, but more importantly teach her how to think for herself. Teach her how to evaluate things and how to express herself.
So, for the former. I'm no help. For the latter, here are my suggestions: with the TV. You have the boundary and are letting her know it's coming. TV then bedtime. You keep your rule: TV then bedtime. She cries.
I think that instead of wanting your daughter not to be upset, you're wanting her to express herself in a better way. Teaching her not to show she's upset is teaching her to bottle up her feelings. Teaching her "though it may be sad to stop something as fun as TV, it's more important to take care of your body and get enough rest so tomorrow will be a good day full of energy and happy times" shows that immediate pleasures sometimes need to be sacrificed so that long term needs, like health, are met. (if it really bothers you that she whimpers, think if you have been unfairly conditioned to respond to others emotions instead of what's right to do. Her disappointment isn't personal - it's not about you, it's about her TV time being done.)
Absolutely, throwing & growling aren't good, but instead of putting her away in a room, give her a good way to express her emotions. Show her how to safely say what she needs to say. Teach her a good way to communicate.
Also remember that sometimes you, an adult, know what to do but you still don't do it every time. She will be the same way. It's even harder for a toddler to have self-control. That's why they come with parents - to be their self-control. Be as kind about it as you want her self-talk to be to her when she's an adult. And like Peg M and Carrie C have said, focus on something fun about bedtime - her animals are waiting to see her and maybe dance for her and minimize what she's giving up (TV). Or turn it off and say that the TV went to bed. Poor TV is too tired and fell asleep. This gets her where you want her to be so much easier.
I think the next year or two is really hard because kids this age are very concrete and can't understand more abstract reasons that involve other people and future events. Keep trying to think of a situation from her eyes and this will help you frame it so that she understands it better and then you avoid the battle as much as possible. This happens all the time -that's what marketing is all about.
One more thing - when you make a big deal when she's following directions, are you teaching her that your praise is the reward, or that doing the right thing is it's own reward? For example, "good girl! Mommy is so happy." vs. "you went upstairs when it was time to go upstairs!" (you did what was the right thing to do).