A.W.
Carrots can be hard to grow unless you use really loose soil - there are varieties that are shorter and fatter than what you would buy at the store, those are easier. Our bunnies tend to mow down our young pea and bean plants. Once the plants get more mature, they tend to lose interest. You can net the plants when they are young to protect them.
Lots of stuff is cold tolerant and can be planted now (not sure of your CO climate right now) Peas, lettuce, radish, beets, spinach, brocc, cauliflower, greens, brussel sprouts are all frost tolerant.
We wait until chance of frost is past (usually mid May here) to plant green bean seeds, cucumber seeds, squash seeds or plants and we buy plants for tomatoes and peppers.
Don't forget the herbs! Parsley, cilantro and basil (make homemade basil pesto, YUM!
If you come across anymore specific questions as you go along, feel free to message me. I'm no "master gardener" but have been back yard gardening for 10 yrs.